Half a century of molecular bioenergetics.

To err and win a nobel prize: Paul Boyer, ATP synthase and the emergence of bioenergetics.

Paul Boyer shared a Nobel Prize in 1997 for his work on the mechanism of ATP synthase. His earlier work, though (which contributed indirectly to his triumph), included major errors, both experimental and theoretical. Two benchmark cases offer insight into how scientists err and how they deal with error. Boyer's work also parallels and illustrates the emergence of bioenergetics in the second hal...

Centenary of the birth of modern biochemistry.

1897 was a big year for science. J. J. Thomson discovered the electron, which, along with other momentous advances around that time ushered in the golden half-century of modern physics. It was in 1897, too, that Eduard Buchner accidentally observed that yeast juice can convert sucrose to ethanol. This discovery disposed of a firm belief that alcoholic fermentation is a vital operation of an int...

The Historical continuity of the Great Khorasan and Indian subcontinent from the first century to the first half of the seventh century AH; a new approach in historical studies

The contiguity of the Indian subcontinent and Great Khorasan in the Islamic period has connected the political history of these two regions. According to the historical reports, the development of Islam in the subcontinent and formation of Muslims government in India originated in Khorasan political changes. Also, Indians were present in political and military arenas of some Islamic governments...

The Analysis of Monthly moisture advection changes in Iran’s atmosphere over the recent half-century

AJP Centennial A century of (epithelial) transport physiology: from vitalism to molecular cloning

Schultz, Stanley G. A century of (epithelial) transport physiology: from vitalism to molecular cloning. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Cell Physiol. 43): C13–C23, 1998.—During the past century, the generally accepted view of the function of biological membranes has evolved from that of a static, inert lipoprotein envelope that simply separates the intracellular machinery from the outside milieu, to that ...